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''Citrobacter freundii'' is a species of facultative anaerobic. Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typical length of 1–5 μm. Most ''C. freundii'' cells are surrounded by several flagella used for locomotion, but a few are not mobile. It can be found in soil, water, sewage, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The ''Citrobacter'' genus was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of'' C. freundii'' were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts. As an opportunistic pathogen, ''C. freundii'' is responsible for a number of significant infections. It is known to be the cause of a number of nosocomial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood, and many other normally sterile sites in patients. ''C. freundii'' represents about 29% of all opportunistic infections. Surprisingly, this infectious microbe in humans plays a positive role in the environment. ''C. freundii'' is responsible for reducing nitrate to nitrite in the environment. This conversion is an important and crucial stage in the nitrogen cycle. These bacteria also help in recycling nitrogen. ''C. freundii'' has also been investigated for biodegradation of tannic acid used in tanneries. For metabolism, ''C. freundii'' has an ability to grow on glycerol as the sole carbon and energy source. Within its cell, a bacterial microcompartment can be found, which is capable of processing propanediol. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Citrobacter freundii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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